WITHDRAWN Evaluation of the selection bias for the non-probability sample with multiply robust methods

Music City Center 

The increasing popularity of non-probability sampling is attributed to its convenience and cost-effectiveness. However, these samples often suffer from selection bias, making it essential to assess the extent of this bias to inform comparisons of sample quality. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating selection bias in non-probability samples using multiple propensity score and outcome regression models. Our approach ensures that the estimator of selection bias remains consistent if at least one of the models is correctly specified. We further assess the effectiveness of our proposed methods through a Monte Carlo simulation study and an application to real data from the Household Pulse Surveys.

Multiply robust

Non-probability sample

Variance estimation