Promising Tools for Integrating Information from Secondary Outcomes to Improve Primary Data Analysis: A New Usage of Secondary Outcomes in the Era of Big Data

Music City Center 

In addition to the primary outcome, secondary outcomes are gaining prominence in contemporary biomedical research. These can be easily derived from traditional endpoints in clinical trials (source 1) and from compound or risk prediction scores in large-scale cohort studies or real-world data analysis (source 2). Despite being termed 'secondary,' these outcomes have significant potential to enhance estimation and inference in primary outcome analysis. This is particularly true when the primary outcome is a summary score derived from secondary outcomes, which may lack the detailed information specific to each secondary outcome. This talk will summarize the challenges of integrating information from secondary outcomes into primary data analysis and will describe recently developed tools to address these challenges. We will begin with an early version that considers only one secondary outcome (Tool1.0) and then move on to a more updated version that can handle multiple secondary outcomes (Tool2.0). Building on the first two versions, we will describe the latest version (Tool3.0), which facilitates more robust information integration in a data-driven manner and has great potential applications in the era of big data. Real data examples will be provided, and future directions toward Tool4.0 will be discussed at the end of the talk.

Data integration

Statistical learning

Secondary outcomes