Identifying Responders in Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies

Music City Center 

We introduce Causal Responders Detection (CARD), a novel framework for responder analysis that identifies individuals who exhibit a substantial response to treatment, while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) among treated subjects. CARD builds on recent advances in conformal prediction for novelty detection, providing finite-sample guarantees for responder identification. Additionally, we show how CARD can be extended with propensity score adjustment to account for non-randomized treatment assignment, enhancing its applicability in observational settings.

Alpha spending function;

Multi-arm trials

Optimal clinical trial design

Sequential testing

Type I error control